The most common cause of vertigo (dizziness) is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and it is a mechanical disorder. A trained clinician can evaluate and treat this condition based off of the patient’s symptoms. The evaluation consists of moving the head into specific positions. Symptoms of BPPV include vertigo with change in head position, nausea with or without vomiting and disequilibrium (poor balance).
Curable
Vestibular System
BPPV is a curable condition affecting the vestibular system (inner ear). Your inner ear is comprised of 3 semicircular canals (SCC) and 2 otolith organs. These structures detect head movements (acceleration). Crystals called otoconia are embedded in the otolith organs. Sometimes, the crystals can become dislodged and misplace into the semicircular canals. The misplaced crystals result in increased sensitivity to head movements.
Hopes for a Positive Response
I was treating a patient for low back pain when she mentioned that she was experiencing severe episodes of dizziness. I informed her about BPPV and mentioned that the treatment was very simple and effective. She agreed to have an evaluation in hopes for a positive response.
My patient tested positive for BPPV utilizing the Hallpike-Dix test for the left semicircular canals. I also performed a few other tests and exercises to rule out other potential causes for symptoms. Once we had our diagnosis of BPPV, the treatment was very simple.
Improvement in just one week
I took my patient through a series of head movements that reposition the crystals back into the otolith organs (the saccule and ultricule). After performing the repositioning maneuver, baseline symptoms were decreased and she returned the next week without having any severe episodes of vertigo.
BPPV – A Common Vertigo that is Easily Treated
BPPV is the most common cause for vertigo. Luckily, it is very easy to diagnose and treat with a trained therapist. If you or someone you know has vertigo as a result from head movements, have a physical therapist evaluation so that you may start feeling better today!
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By MiKayla Sanocki, SPT
Did you know a back problem can cause symptoms such as pain, decreased strength and decreased sensations into the thigh, calf, ankle or foot? Physical therapists trained in Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) here at Nick Rinard Physical Therapy can determine during the evaluation if any of these lower leg symptoms are coming from your back.
Check out this bizarre clinical presentation we treated at Nick Rinard Physical Therapy:
She did not remember any trauma to the ankle
The patient came to physical therapy for an “ankle sprain” that occurred 3-months earlier. She stated she woke up unable to put any weight on her right foot. The pain had remained constant in her ankle, so bad at times that she couldn’t walk! Upon further questioning, the patient revealed what she had been doing the day before: She had driven 2 hours, on her way home from helping clean a house. During the drive she had discomfort in her buttock and hamstring that made her want to pull the car over to stretch. She did not remember any trauma to the ankle, however, but the ankle pain was the only pain she was experiencing now.
Her ankle pain has caused her to quit running and yoga — two of her favorite activities.
Mechanical Evaluation finds cause in spine
During the mechanical evaluation we found that certain directions of low back movements decreased the pain in her ankle. After being sent home with 1 simple exercise to perform every waking hour – which she did perfectly – she returned within 24 hours reporting 90% recovery in pain! Over the next week we were able to progress her exercises and now the patient reports no ankle pain at all. In only 4 visits we were able to abolish her ankle pain, and she is now getting back to running and yoga!
The patient reports, “I now have the tools to prevent the return of my back and ankle pain”.
Treatment at Nick Rinard Physical Therapy vs Traditional PT
In contrast to MDT, traditional PT would not have uncovered the spinal cause of the patient’s ankle pain. Treatment would have been ineffective since it would have focused only on trying to treat the symptom.
Do you know if your pain in the legs or arms could be coming from the spine? Come see us at Nick Rinard Physical Therapy and find out!
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Very interesting clinical presentation today! The patient had been treated for neck pain here (Nick Rinard Physical Therapy) in the past with good results. Later, she developed shoulder pain and consulted her MD, who referred her to an orthopedic surgeon. There were “findings” on MRI and she ended up getting arthroscopic surgery. She returned to us for physical therapy to rehabilitate after surgery.
No Surgery Needed
Interestingly, she reported that her surgeon was surprised that her rotator cuff tendons were in “good condition” and did not require a repair – he had noticed that during the surgery procedure itself, apparently. So, physical therapy should be easy in such cases, right? No big surgical repair to worry about.
However, 6 weeks after the operation, her shoulder pain was not subsiding as it should have. Inflammation normally resolves in that amount of time and she should have been strong enough to resume normal office work duties consisting of keyboard and filing.
Finding the True Cause of the Pain
We had to take a closer look at her neck. It turned out that her neck was referring pain to the shoulder! In one neck treatment, the shoulder pain was abolished! The patient probably had had a recurrence of her old neck problem, it referred pain to her shoulder, and neither she, her MD, nor the orthopedic surgeon considered the true cause of the pain…
This is a frequent occurrence here at Nick Rinard Physical Therapy, where we use the Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) system of evaluation and treatment. Robin McKenzie started this method and it is the best method – and most supported by research – at getting to the true cause of pain.
Save time, money, and maybe avoid surgery!
If you or someone you know is having any problems that could be mechanical, a thorough mechanical assessment should be performed. In as little as one visit the problem might be identified and solved, saving a lot of time, money, and suffering! Plus, the patient might avoid unnecessary surgery!
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BACKGROUND:
Up to 80% of the population will experience low back pain (LBP) at some point in their adult life (Croft et al 1997). It is estimated that health care costs for low back pain are larger than for any other disease for which economic analysis is available (Maniadakis and Gray 2000) ($31 billion/year). There is little to no evidence supporting the use of traction, thermal modalities, or electrical stimulation for the treatment of LBP. Unfortunately, these strategies are commonly used for the bulk of LBP treatment. Many studies conclude that the McKenzie method of evaluation and treatment for LBP is superior to that of standard treatment (general stretching and strengthening). What makes the McKenzie approach different is its classification system. Based off of symptom response to repeated lumbar spine movements, patients are classified into 1 of 3 syndromes (derangement, dysfunction, postural). After patients have been classified, their individualized treatment plan is created. The McKenzie method also emphasizes self-treatment and long term symptom management. I consider this the most valued aspect of treatment, as statistics show LBP is recurring in nature. Let’s review a case of a patient with a very successful outcome utilizing the McKenzie method.
SYMPTOMS:
Patient presented to therapy 2 weeks after the onset of LBP with bilateral leg pain. Patient described sharp pain which radiated down to the left foot and down to the right shin. Symptoms started after a weekend of working (auto mechanic) which involved repetitive bending and lifting of heavy equipment. Patient rated worst pain as an 11/10 for the back and a 10/10 for the left leg, occurring on a daily basis. Patient was severely limited with walking, sitting and sleep.
THERAPIST’S EVALUATION AND FINDINGS:
Patient demonstrated pain with all lumbar spine motions in standing. There was no neurological (strength, sensory, reflex, neural tension) deficit. This is important to test when there is a presence of leg pain.
Baseline symptoms= LBP + left foot tingling. Patient was asked to bend forward 10 times, touching his toes. This resulted in increased low back pain, no effect on foot tingling. Bending backwards 10 times also increased LBP with no effect on foot tingling. Patient was then asked to lie on his stomach and perform prone press ups (a back bend using arms to push up into extension). This exercise abolished left foot symptoms, better leaving the clinic that day.
PATIENT HOMEWORK AND OUTCOMES:
Patient was given prone press-ups to be done every hour until his follow up appointment. The next day, the patient returned to the clinic happily reporting that he had not experienced leg pain in over 24 hours! The patient was even able to perform tasks associated with moving into his new home that weekend. In 2 weeks his back pain rating had decreased to a 3/10 and he was experiencing little to no leg symptoms! Patient continued therapy over the next few months with exercise progressions and modifications as needed. At discharge, patient was able to perform his duties as an auto mechanic and continue his training as a member of the National Guard.
HAVE A MECHANICAL EVALUATION FOR YOUR LOW BACK PAIN:
Do not fall victim to chronic low back pain. This is associated with huge healthcare costs, over utilization of medication and surgery. All of which would otherwise be avoided with a simple exercise, requiring no special equipment. The patient from this week’s case left the clinic feeling very empowered by his own ability to treat his symptoms and was no longer considering having major spine surgery.
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Lateral epicondylitis, more commonly known as “tennis elbow,” is a pathology that is familiar to physical therapists and the general public. What is lesser known is “pseudo tennis elbow,” a mechanical problem with a very simple solution! Unfortunately, therapists whom are not familiar with the utilization of mechanical diagnosis may unknowingly miss this common elbow derangement. As a therapist practicing the McKenzie method of mechanical diagnosis, I have diagnosed BOTH of my current elbow pain patients as derangements (or pseudo tennis elbow).
Symptoms
Our patient, “Jane” presented to therapy with intermittent right elbow pain, worsening over the last 3 months. Jane reported difficulty with gripping, lifting, carrying and global limited function of the right arm. Jane described symptoms as “variable” meaning she could perform a task that produced his elbow pain. Then, perform the same task or movement again without experiencing any pain at all! This variability of pain is the hallmark of a derangement and should not be misdiagnosed as a tendonitis, which would indicate inflammation (in which case pain would be constant). Jane rated worst elbow pain as a 6/10.
Physical Therapist Evaluation & Findings
Objective findings included pain with passive elbow flexion and extension as well as pain with active wrist extension and with gripping a tennis ball. Because of my experience as a mechanical therapist, I am familiar with a technique called a mobilization with movement (MWM), developed by Brian Mulligan (a colleague of Robin McKenzie). The mobilization provides a lateral force over the ulna at the elbow joint. While the patient applied this force, she was able to grip the tennis ball PAIN FREE! This same technique was applied for other painful baselines and achieved the same results of ABOLITION OF ALL PAIN! This ability to turn symptoms off with a mobilization indicates an elbow derangement and the MWM is used as the treatment strategy.
Patient Homework and Outcomes
Jane was asked to perform the MWM utilizing the lateral glide while gripping a tennis ball to be performed 10-20 times every hour. The theory is that this mobilization is repositioning the joint in order for it to articulate correctly, resulting in improved range of motion and strength after. Jane returned to the clinic the next day with reports of at least 25% improvement! Objective findings were retested and nearly all baselines had improved in less than 24 hours! Jane returned 1 week later and reported an 85% overall improvement with symptoms.
Get Your Own Mechanical Assessment
Don’t be misdiagnosed! Straightforward pathologies which require one exercise to treat are commonly missed with standard treatment. This results in extra therapy visits, and more of your time and money. It is worth your time to see if your pain has a MECHANICAL component. A simple solution may otherwise be missed.
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The case study I would like to share with you today is only the second hip derangement of this type that I have seen in 18 years of practice. “Jim” was a 55 year old male who presented with right hip pain that started for no apparent reason 5-6 months prior to coming to physical therapy. He said the pain was provoked only when he was walking, but it occurred consistently at a distance of about 50 to 100 yards. Often it was so painful he could not continue walking. Jim figured out that changing his right foot position enabled him to walk a little further, albeit slowly, and then he could resume normal walking for another 50 yards or so. He would change the foot position by stepping partway onto a curb or raised ground such that the outer edge of his foot was tilted up (eversion, as we therapists call it), and then he would angle his right knee inwardly. That was the only way he had found to improve walking, but the hip just would not stay better.
In desperation, Jim said he had looked online and tried numerous “hip exercises” without any relief. He consulted his doctor, who recommended MDT, which we do here at Nick Rinard Physical Therapy.
Assessment
The mechanical assessment was positive for only two findings: limited and painful hip motion into flexion (folding the knee to chest), and weak and painful testing of hamstring resistance. The protocol for ruling out a joint derangement is to repeat motions to determine if the baselines change. The question is which motion to repeat. One can move either into the most painful direction, go the opposite direction, or check rotations. I chose to go into the most painful direction, in this case, flexion. But before testing I wanted to establish how far Jim could walk in the clinic before his pain started. By the time he walked one length of the hallway and back, he reported pain. I then instructed Jim to bend his knee to chest (compressing the groin) repeatedly and after 20 to 30 times. It produced his familiar pain initially, then the pain abolished and his motion increased. I tested walking after that and Jim said there was no pain even after walking 3 lengths up and back through the hallway! I gave Jim his exercises and scheduled him for 2 days later.
Progress
When Jim returned he reported that he could walk longer distances without the pain starting, however, he still got to the point where he had to modify his foot position in order to continue. I knew we were on the right track, and the next step in treating a joint derangement is to progress forces. I did this manually by applying over-pressure, and instructed Jim to do it in standing by folding his chest down to his knee with it supported on a bench or chair. By the next visit, Jim reported that this had worked very well and he had not experienced any pain at all! So, the derangement was reduced and I needed to wean him off the home exercises to see if it would return or not. I gave him the weaning program and asked to see him back in 2 weeks.
Pain Free
After 2 weeks, Jim came back reporting that he had been able to walk unlimited distances! He resumed walking his dog, going on walks for exercise, and walking wherever, and whenever he wanted. He reported his longest walk lasted 4.5 hours. He said there was no return of the original hip pain from which he had suffered for months. However, on his last two walks, he had started noticing a new hip pain, this time in the front, not on the sides. I re-checked his baselines and neither flexion motion nor resisted hamstrings were painful. That meant it could not be a re-derangement. Resisted hip flexion was painful, and that was new. I concluded that his sudden ability to walk pain-free resulted in his over-doing it. Jim had increased walking too fast and gotten a minor tendonitis. That was easy to treat, and by his next visit, Jim was pain-free again and able to progress walking, though this time more gradually, which was safer.
Successful Treatment
Jim’s hip treatment was obviously a success. It took only 4 visits. This hip derangement was unique because the direction that reduced it (flexion); I have only seen one other hip derangement require flexion to reduce it. The fact that Jim resumed normal activity too fast is typical of reduced derangements – the patient feels so good that they over do it. Luckily in Jim’s case, we found the new problem and fixed it just as fast as we found and fixed his chronic hip pain.
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TMJ pain can be a real problem for its victims, limiting their ability to chew and talk, and interrupting sleep. Often, headaches even limit the person’s ability to concentrate! Various treatments have been proposed to alleviate the symptoms of TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) pain, many of which are very complex and even invasive. Looking at the TMJ as “just another joint” and not predetermining that it has to be complicated has been very freeing for me in using a mechanical approach. Let me explain using a patient example from this week in clinic.
My approach is modeled after the McKenzie Method of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy, although very little about TMJ specifically has been written or published about it. (1)
Symptoms and Experience
Now, about the patient. (Name and other identifying information has been omitted to protect privacy). This patient complained of intermittent left jaw pain with wide opening of the mouth. He stated it only occurred then, and otherwise it really was not painful. However, chewing tough foods, he admitted, was sometimes painful. His worst pain occurred with rapid opening of the mouth and could be as intense as 6 on a scale of 1-10.
Therapist’s Evaluation and Findings
Objective findings were limited and painful opening with slight left deviation, limited and painful protrusion, limited and painful right deviation, and no pain or limitation with retraction, or left deviation. Repeated tests performed actively by the patient of protrusion first, then of right deviation resulted in producing the patient’s symptoms, no worse after, but also no change in baseline ROM or pain. Forces were progressed to patient applied over-pressure to right deviation. The patient reported that this produced his pain initially, then decreased pain as he performed more repetitions. Subsequently, he reported wider opening with less pain!
Patient Homework
Home exercises were assigned, which naturally consisted of patient applied over-pressure into repeated right deviation every hour or two as per typical McKenzie protocol. On the second clinic visit two days later, the patient stated he was already 50% improved! This finding confirmed the mechanical diagnosis of derangement syndrome. In this classification, there is a good prognosis for rapid and lasting recovery from the problem.
Get Yourself Evaluated
This is only one clinical example of a purely mechanical TMJ problem. While there are examples of TMJ issues that are not derangements, or even mechanical, often a mechanical cause of the pain can be found and the patient helped by mechanical therapy. It is well worth a thorough examination to determine if your TMJ pain has a mechanical component, and to get appropriate treatment which would otherwise be missed.
(1) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1356689X1100230X
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This week I will tell you about the rapid recovery of an ipsilateral shift. An ipsilateral shift was described by Robin McKenzie of the McKenzie Method®, and the treatment of this patient of the week follows Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy® principles exactly as I was taught them. The patient presents with a lateral shift deformity of the trunk shifted away from the side of dominant pain.
Gerry, (not his real name), arrived with his wife to clinic after suffering 10/10 pain in his back, buttock, and thigh, and had a severe ipsilateral shift. This had been present for 2 weeks, and Gerry stated it had recently worsened after a massage session. Gerry could not recall any incident that caused injury or otherwise caused the onset of pain. He stated he had tried standard chiropractic treatment with no effect.
While I was taking Gerry’s history, his wife reported that he had to crawl to get around their home for the first hour after getting out of bed. Even at his best, he could barely make it down the hall to my office. He was completely unable to dress himself, drive or go to work.
The shift made the mechanical diagnosis easy. It was most likely a mechanical derangement. Any attempt Garry made to bend forward or backward resulted in severe pain, and nearly no range of motion. Trying to correct the shift himself, even when leaning against the wall for support, also resulted in severe pain and no gain in range of motion.
Therefore, manual forces had to be applied by the MDT therapist – in this case – me! (I have achieved certification in Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy® by the McKenzie® Institute, designated by “Cert. MDT”).
Manual shift correction is described in various published works by Robin Anthony McKenzie, the originator of the McKenzie® Method of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy®. It involves full body pressure against the hips and opposite side of the trunk provided by the therapist. It can be painful to experience, however, only pain that centralizes is permitted, according to McKenzie®. As I learned in my McKenzie® training from expert therapist Colin Davies, the duration of force application can last a long time – up to 45 minutes. Gerry’s shift was challenging. I applied force for 45 minutes, but still there was only minimal correction of his shift!
By day two, Gerry could walk better, but was still shifted. This time, manual force corrected the shift in 15 minutes. The next day Gerry could correct his own shift and he was not taking any pain medication anymore!
Now, one week later, he is no longer shifted at all. He can dress himself, including his socks and shoes, drive, and go to work. Regarding walking, he only needed to swing his Right arm normally again – he had been supporting his back with it and lost normal gait in the interim. He reported pain levels of 1-2/10.
Treating Gerry was very satisfying. His mechanical diagnosis was clear, treatment was difficult, but not confusing. I credit the McKenzie® Method of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy® with giving me the expertise to be so successful in treating this, and other painful spine and joint conditions. Thank you for your interest in the clinical case study of the week!
Nick Rinard MPT, Cert MDT
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This is about a shoulder derangement that was identified, and fixed in 10 minutes. But there is more background to the story.
Debbie (a fictitious name for the real person) was training for her first 1/2 Marathon, held in Portland, Oregon. About 3 weeks before the event she presented to physical therapy complaining of pain behind the knee. Such an injury so close to a sporting event is automatically worrisome because it threatens participation. Both Debbie and I were concerned that it could stop her from being able to run the 1/2 marathon!
I performed a mechanical assessment per the McKenzie Method, combined with Cyriax style selective tissue tension tests, and diagnosed the knee pain as “semitendinosis tendinitis”, named according to Laslett nomenclature. It is a lesion of the hamstring.
Although Debbie had good hamstring flexibility, I deduced, based on her history (she was certified as a yoga instructor), that she normally had more. Treatment consisted of stretching out her hamstrings, combined with manual deep tissue mobilization of the hamstring muscle belly. It worked!
She ran the 1/2 Marathon without any knee pain! However, her shoulder became painful during the event! She asked me to look at it 4 days later since it had not subsided on its own.
She presented with what appeared to be a clear contractile lesion of the infraspinatus tendon, with a weak resisted test of lateral rotation. However, there were two pieces of information that were inconsistent with this conclusion. 1) Resisted shoulder flexion was painful with the elbow positioned behind the body, but painless with the elbow in front. 2)
There was no tenderness at all near the infraspinatus tendon, which would be typical , but not required, for the lesion to be harbored in the infraspinatus tendon.
Further mechanical assessment was needed, and this followed the McKenzie Method of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy. Repeated tests would differentiate between a derangement and other possible pathologies. I surmised that the arm bone could have been malpositioned in the shoulder girdle from Debbie pumping her arms while running. The logical step was to reverse the activity of arm pumping and correct the derangement. So I instructed her to reach all the way across her body with that arm and then push it further using the other hand. This became less and less painful until there was no pain! Furthermore, it resulted in much less pain produced by resisted flexion afterward! Another exercise–that of rotating the arm bone back into place–worked well also, virtually rendering all prior painful tests, painless!
Needless to say, Debbie was very pleased with both the rapid results with her shoulder, and grateful that her knee pain was treated in time for her to complete her 1/2 marathon!
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